The Great Depression Years
McGovern told the audience that his first recollection of hunger
came as a boy during the Great Depression years of 1930 - 1931.
The son of a (Wesleyan) Methodist minister, McGovern grew up
in Mitchell, South Dakota. One of his memories is of young men who
were riding the railroad west in search of work...
... They'd come from New York. Connecticut. Pennsylvania. New Jersey.
Riding the Milwaukee Railroad, headed west in search of jobs.
Why they thought it'd be any better in South Dakota -- I don't know.
But we live in a country where there's always been this idea you
can move west... That there's opportunity in the West.
So on every train that came through, young men would get off, and they'd
somehow make their way to our front door. They'd come to our house.
I don't know what it was, but there must have been
something about our house, for they'd find their way there.
Every day they'd come to our door, and my Dad...
McGovern's voice cracked, and he took a moment to drink a sip of water.
He paused again at his next attempt to talk, his emotion obvious,
collected himself, and continued:
My... My Dad was a great man!
These boys would come to our door, and my Dad would say,
"Brothers, come on in!"
and he'd invite them in for a meal. Not once-- Not once-- did he
turn one away. He'd always invite them in to share a meal.
Now, it's not like we were rich or something. It's not like we
had extra. Nobody had anything those days. We needed what food
we had for ourselves. But my Father believed it was important
to share, and every evening we'd share our dinner...
The Port of Naples
George McGovern witnessed the effects of hunger again as a young
man during World War II.
As part of a troop convoy docking at the port of Naples, Italy,
McGovern and his shipmates were astonished to see the docks and piers
crowded with young children -- all of whom were yelling loudly upon
their approach...
...They were shouting, and as we approached, we were finally
able to make out what it was that they were yelling about.
They were shouting things like,
'Baby Ruth! Butterfinger! Wrigley's Gum!'.
And then the Captain's voice came over the ship's loudspeaker
issuing a stern order to all onboard:
'DO NOT THROW ANYTHING OVERBOARD!'
You see, these children weren't really shouting because they
wanted American candy-bars or gum. They were shouting because
they were starving -- and they knew that American soldiers carried
such items.
We learned that only a few days before, when another American
ship had entered port, American soldiers did throw candy overboard.
Some of it landed in the water, and in the frenzy to get it, hundreds
of children either dove or were pushed into the water -- and many
drowned.
These children were shouting because they were hungry. They
were malnourished. They were starving.
Their fathers had been forced north into Russia by the Germans.
Naples had become a city of mothers and children.
In the evenings, as we lay sleeping, we would hear rustling in the
trash cans outside our camp. The rustling was from mothers who were
trying to find food scraps so that they might feed their children.
During the day, we would sometimes see these same women selling
themselves -- desperate to find some way to support and feed their
children.
A CBS Documentary
Another story which McGovern told occurred later in life when McGovern
was in the U.S. Senate. One evening McGovern had an opportunity to
watch TV with his daughters. They happened to catch a CBS documentary
concerning hunger in America.
The program dealt with urban hunger in places like New York, Los Angelas,
and Detroit. Then the emphasis shifted to rural settings.
The CBS reporter happened to take his camera crew to a rural school in
North Carolina. What followed made a lasting impression on George
McGovern:
... The camera happened to follow the children as they made their
way to the cafeteria at
lunch time, and I'll never forget what happened.
It turned out that the children who didn't have money to pay for their
meals had to stand against the walls around the edge of the cafeteria
and just watch the other children as they ate.
McGovern could not grasp what sort of discipline this was, where
children were punished simply because they were poor.
... As the camera moved along past the children standing along
the wall, it stopped and focused on one young man. As the camera
zoomed in, you heard the reporter ask him,
'How do you feel?'
The young man just stood there a moment, his head bowed,
fidgeting with his feet, and then he said,
'Ashamed.'
'Why do you feel ashamed?'
'Cause I ain't got no money.'
This young man felt ashamed??? I felt ashamed. I had no idea, that
if you didn't have money, then you couldn't eat in the school lunch
program!
I had been in the U.S. Senate for six years! I was Chairman of the
Agriculture Committee. We oversaw the funding for that program.
It did not take long for George McGovern to 'fix' the school lunch program.
That CBS documentary was a defining moment for McGovern. It served as
an impetus for pursuing his social agenda.
McGovern stated that it takes a bi-partisan effort to get things done
in Washington. On several occasions he mentioned the importance of
former Senator Bob Dole's efforts in teaming with McGovern in order
to get programs implemented.
The school lunch program was just one of several programs in which
Senators McGovern and Dole teamed. Other social programs in which
their team efforts were crucial included food stamps
and WIC (Women, Infants, Children).
McGovern received laughs when he fondly retold times when partainship
did come into play in his relationship with Dole, however:
... When I ran for the Presidency in 1972, Bob Dole happened to
be the Chairman of the Republican National Committee.
There'd be times when I would wake up in the morning and he had already
taken a bite out of me for breakfast!"
The audience roared!
And sometimes he'd take a bite out of me for lunch!
Dinner, too, on occasion!
Hunger in our World Today
As Ambassador to the United Nations for the Hungry and as former
Ambassador to
the U.N.'s Food and Agriculture Committee in Rome, George McGovern
has become acutely aware of hunger issues in our world today.
McGovern said the following when speaking of Africa...
...I've walked through village after village after village
in Africa, and I've noticed just what John
(Rev. John McCullough, Executive Director, Church World Service,
who spoke earlier in the evening)
has noticed -- and that is, that Africa is fast becoming a continent
of the very young and the very old!
Pointing at the audience, McGovern continued:
...It's the people your age who are missing. That whole
generation is gone.
They've died of AIDs, or they've died of malnutrition and starvation,
or they've died of complications brought on by AIDs and malnutrition
and starvation.
And so grandparents are raising their grandchildren. The elderly
are again parenting children...
It's so sad... It's so unnecessary.
McGovern went on to talk about the current agenda in his social mission --
an international effort in which he's again teaming with an old
ally -- Bob Dole.
...I called Bob up and told him I wanted him to team with me again
on this program. He asked a lot of tough questions. Republican
questions:
'How much is it going to cost?'
and when it was all done, he said,
'I'm with you on this!'
This program is an effort to get an international version of America's
school lunch program in place. McGovern and Dole hope to get every
nation in the world to agree to support, at a minimum, to provide
at least one meal per day for all school children:
...I think we all know that education is the key to improving
one's lot in life. But, you can't go to school if you're hungry
or if you're malnourished. You can't learn.
And I'm a teacher! But I know I wouldn't be able to learn anything during
the day if I were hungry or starving.
At a minimum, we must be able to feed our children at least one
nourishing meal during the course of the school day.
McGovern on Terrorism
We Must Get to the Source of the Hatred
Don Messer, former South Dakotan and former President of the
Illif School of Theology, introduced McGovern earlier in the evening
as a man of great integrity -- something you don't see enough of in
public servants. Messer also introduced McGovern as a man unafraid
to take a stand on an issue.
At 80 years of age, McGovern remains true to his principles.
He concluded his "Harvest of Hope" speech by addressing the issue
of our time:
...If I had a chance tonight, I would tell our President that I don't
think we're going about this right.
Now don't get me wrong. I want George W. Bush to be a great President.
I wanted his Dad to be a great President. I want ALL Presidents to be
great Presidents -- it's in our best interests!
That said, if President Bush were to call me on the phone, I'd tell him
he's going about this wrong.
What drives a yong man to get up in the morning, board a plane, and
then to drive that plane into the World Trade Center? To 'fly into
the arms of Allah'?
I want to fly into the arms of Allah -- I know him as God -- but I don't
want to do it today! And certainly not in that fashion.
Where does that sort of hatred come from?
Our leaders would tell us that it's about 'freedom'. That
it's an attack on our freedom. That the terrorists want
to destroy our freedom. Well, I don't believe this is about
freedom at all. Perhaps they envy our freedom, but I do not
believe that freedom is at the core of their hatred...
What McGovern offered instead is that the hatred comes from elsewhere.
Certainly hatred may arise from anger at failures or perceived
failures in American foreign policy. Or from foreign policy
which is seen as favortism to some and as unjust to others.
McGovern offered that anger can arise from perceived American arrogance.
Or from America's abundance.
What McGovern offered is that, at its core, terrorism arises from
something even deeper. He believes that poverty
and hunger combine to make fertile grounds for those who would use
such to breed and manufacture hatred:
...We can kill Osama Bin Laden. We can militarily
oust Saddam Hussein. We can militarily change a regime. But we won't
be able to militarily eliminate terrorism.
All we will do is increase the perception of America as a
imperialistic military giant that does whatever it wants
whenever it wants...
What McGovern offered is that it requires humanitarian efforts
to effectively combat terrorism:
If you truly want to end terrorism then you have
to dig a lot deeper:
You have to get serious about poverty.
You have to get serious about hunger.
You have to get serious about hopelessness.
You have to get serious about dispair.
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